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BENJAMIN GITLOW
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PAPERS, 1910-1968
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UNCC MANUSCRIPT COLLECTION 108
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| Contents: |
Collection Information |
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Biographical Note |
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Scope and Content Note |
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Series Descriptions and
Container Lists |
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1: Correspondence |
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2: Theatre for Freedom |
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3: Publications |
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4: Writings |
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5: Miscellaneous |
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Photographs |
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Size:
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7.25 linear feet (ca. 4050 items). |
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| Locales: |
United States. |
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Soviet Union. |
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| Bulk Dates: |
1949-1965. |
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| Languages: |
English. |
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| Summary: |
Papers of a co founder of the Communist Labor Party and the
Communist Party, USA (Majority Group), who later became an avid anti-Communist.
Consists predominately of printed material dating from 1949-65, but also
includes correspondence, speeches, writings, research notes, and financial
records from all periods of his life. |
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| Index Terms: |
Anti-communist movement--United States. |
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Baxter, Anne--Correspondence. |
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Bellamy, Ralph, 1904- --Correspondence. |
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Braden, Anne, 1924- . |
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Braden, Carl. |
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Bryant, Louise, 1885-1936--Correspondence. |
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Communism--Periodicals. |
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Communism--United States. |
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Communist Party of the United States of America. |
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Conservatism--United States. |
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Debs, Eugene V. (Eugene Victor), 1855-1926. |
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Debs, Theodore, 1864-1945--Correspondence. |
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Eastman, Max, 1883-1969--Correspondence. |
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Flynn, Elizabeth Gurley. |
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Gitlow, Benjamin, 1891-1965. |
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Hoover, Herbert, 1874-1964--Correspondence. |
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Hoover, J. Edgar (John Edgar), 1895-1972--Correspondence. |
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Kohlberg, Alfred, 1887-1960--Correspondence. |
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Landon, Alfred M. (Alfred Mossman), 1887-1987--Correspondence. |
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Larkin, James, 1876-1947. |
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Lovestone, Jay--Correspondence. |
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Lyons, Eugene, 1898- --Correspondence. |
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Menjou, Adolphe, 1890-1963--Correspondence. |
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Mundt, Karl E. (Karl Earl), 1900-1974--Correspondence. |
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Murphy, George, 1902- --Correspondence. |
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Propaganda, Anti-communist. |
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Swanson, Gloria--Correspondence. |
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Trostksy, Leon. |
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United States--Politics and government. |
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Sources: Purchase from Mrs. Benjamin Gitlow, 1973. |
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| Access: |
Unrestricted. |
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| Copyright: |
Retained by Mrs. Benjamin Gitlow. |
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| Citation: |
Benjamin Gitlow Papers, University of North Carolina at Charlotte
Library. |
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| Related Collections: |
Benjamin Gitlow Papers, Hoover Institution,
Stanford University. |
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| Compilers: |
Johanna Mims, 1985. |
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| Contact Information: |
For more information about this collection, please contact:
Special Collections Department
J. Murrey Atkins Library
University of North Carolina at Charlotte
9201 University City Blvd.
Charlotte, NC 28223-0001
E-mail: speccoll@uncc.edu
Telephone: (704) 687-2449
Fax: (704) 687-2232 |
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| Research: |
Harold Josephson, "The Dynamics of Repression: New York
during the Red Scare," Mid America, 59 (October, 1977), pp. 131-46;
and "Political Justice during the Red Scare: The Trial of Benjamin
Gitlow," pp. 153-75 in Michael Belknap, ed., American Political Trials
(Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1981). |
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| Benjamin Gitlow was born in Elizabethport, N.J.
on December 22, 1891 to Russian immigrants. His father, Lewis Albert Gitlow,
emigrated to the United States in 1888, while his mother, Kate, followed
a year later. |
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| In 1909, Gitlow joined the Socialist Party. He
organized and served as the first president of Retail Clerks Union of New
York in 1913. As a Party candidate from the Bronx, Gitlow was elected to
New York State Assembly in 1917. A year later, he joined the Left Wing Faction
of Socialist Party. In 1919, Gitlow became manager of Revolutionary Age.
That same year, the Left Wing faction was expelled from Socialist Party
and Gitlow, John Reed, and James Larkin established the Communist Labor
Party. In November, 1919, Gitlow and Larkin were arrested and charged with
violating the New York State Criminal Anarchy Act and sentenced to 5 to
10 years in prison. He ran as the Communist Party candidate for mayor of
New York City in 1921. Released from prison in 1922, Gitlow then ran for
Vice President of the United States on the Communist Party in 1924 and 1928.
Although the United States Supreme Court upheld Gitlow's conviction in 1925,
New York Governor Al Smith subsequently pardoned him. He visited Soviet
Russia for the first time in 1927 and returned in 1928 and 1929. He again
ran for Vice President of the United States in 1928. Soviet leader Joseph
Stalin expelled him from the Party in 1929. This provided the impetus for
Gitlow, along with Jay Lovestone, Bertram Wolfe, and others, to organize
Communist Party, USA (Majority Group). Gitlow again found himself being
expelled, in 1933, by the Community Party, USA. Over the next two years,
he was a founding member and principal leader of three successive small
organizations: Workers Communist League, Labor Party Association, and Organization
Committee for a Revolutionary Workers Party. After rejoining the Socialist
Party in 1934, he resigned shortly thereafter. |
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| His first public rejection of Communist Party
came in 1939 with testimony before U.S. House Committee on Un-American Activities.
The following year he published I Confess: The Truth About American Communism.
During the 1940s and 1950s, Gitlow proved popular as writer and lecturer
on anti-Communist topics. In 1948, he published his second book, The
Whole of Their Lives: Communism in America: A Personal History and Intimate
Portrayal of Its Leaders. |
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| Gitlow married Badana Zeitlin in 1924. He died
on July, 19, 1965 in Crompond, N.Y. |
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| [For additional biographical information, see
Gitlow's own books, his unpublished autobiographical sketch in series 4,
folder 14, "Benjamin Gitlow," pp. 290-92 in Dictionary of American
Biography, supplement 7.] |
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SCOPE AND CONTENT
NOTE
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| The Gitlow Papers document Gitlow's activities
for almost half a century, both as a Communist and an anti-Communist. The
papers include correspondence, speeches, writings, research notes, financial
records, and a large amount of printed material. |
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| The material from Gitlow's Communist period
is smaller in quantity than that from his anti-Communist years, and it consists
predominately of his own writings. Among the highlights are correspondence
between Gitlow and his family during the first two years of his imprisonment
(series 1.3); letters he wrote to his wife while in Moscow in 1929 concerning
his fight with Stalin (series 1.3); material about attempted Communist infiltration
into labor unions (series 3); and copies of his speeches, essays, and pamphlets
in praise of Communism (series 4). The collection also includes a small
amount of correspondence with or material about James Larkin, Louise Bryant
(wife of John Reed), Jay Lovestone, and Max Eastman. |
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| Except for material about his first book, I
Confess, in series 1.1 and 4, the papers contain little substantive material
from the mid 1930s until the late 1940s. |
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| The bulk of the collection dates from about
1949 through 1965, the year of Gitlow's death. Series 3, publications, is
the largest series in the collection and contains hundreds of pamphlets,
newsletters, reports, and other publications, most of which were issued
by anti-Communist groups. The other series reveal in some detail Gitlow's
own activities and his changed attitude toward Communism. Series 2 contains
all of the working papers for Theatre for Freedom, a short lived organization
Gitlow founded in 1950 to use the entertainment industry in his fight against
Communism. Also of importance are the speeches, drafts of articles and books,
and research notes in series 4. Significant correspondents from this period
are Alfred Kohlberg, Herbert Hoover, Alf Landon, Adolphe Menjou, Senator
Karl Mundt (R-SD), and Eugene Lyons. |
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| The UNC Charlotte Library purchased Gitlow's
library and what was believed to be the complete collection of his papers
from his widow in 1973. It was later discovered that the Hoover Institution
on War, Revolution, and Peace at Stanford University had previously acquired
some of Gitlow's papers from Myers G. Lowman of the anti-Communist organization
known as the Circuit Riders, Inc. Both collections include material from
the same time periods, but they do not seem to duplicate each other as to
content. The Hoover collection, however, does contain a substantial amount
of material from the 1930s. (See Hoover Institution register appended to
this description.) |
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| Gitlow's library consisted of more than 700
books, which were dispersed in the regular library collection. A partial
list of these books is in the collection file. |
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SERIES DESCRIPTIONS
AND CONTAINER LISTS
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| Series 1: CORRESPONDENCE
(1910-1968) |
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| This series has been divided into 3 subseries:
General Correspondence; Subject Correspondence; and Personal Correspondence.
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| Series 1.1: GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE (1917-1968)
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| This subseries contains correspondence to and
from Gitlow on a variety of topics; arranged chronologically. |
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| Box:Folder |
Contents |
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| 1:1 |
GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE (1917-21): includes material from
the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America, Kate Gitlow's Socialist Consumer
League, the New York Socialist Party, Gitlow Larkin defense committees,
a legal brief concerning Gitlow's mayoral candidacy, and a letter (1-14-21)
from Theodore Debs about his brother Eugene. |
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| 1:2 |
GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE (1926-37): includes correspondence
with Jay Lovestone and others concerning the CPUSA (Majority Group) and
its journal Revolutionary Age and material from the American Fund for Public
Service. |
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| 1:3 |
GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE (1939-48): includes Gitlow's response
(1939 or 1940) to Elizabeth Gurley Flynn's criticism of his break with the
Party. |
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| 1:4 |
GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE (1949-53): includes letter (7-7-51)
from J. Edgar Hoover. |
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| 1:5-6 |
GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE (1954-62) |
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| 1:7 |
GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE (1963-68): includes form letters (5/63,
9/64, 5/65) from Martin Luther King Jr. |
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| Series 1.2: SUBJECT CORRESPONDENCE (1933-1965)
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| This subseries, arranged alphabetically by folder
title, has been maintained much as Gitlow himself organized it. Most of
the correspondence dates from Gitlow's anti-Communist period and pertains
to political matters. There is a small amount of material concerning his
business and personal affairs. |
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| Box:Folder |
Contents |
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| 1:1 |
A (MISCELLANEOUS) (1950-62) |
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| 1:2-3 |
AMERICAN JEWISH LEAGUE AGAINST COMMUNISM (1949-62) [see also
folders 11, 14-15] |
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| 1:4 |
AUTHOR'S GUILD (1941) |
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| 1:5 |
BILLS AND EXPENSES (1941-56) |
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| 1:6 |
BRADEN CASE (1955): material concerning Gitlow's testimony
against Carl and Anne Braden for their alleged membership in the CPUSA and
communist front organizations. |
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| 1:7 |
BYRITE PAPER CO. (1957-59) |
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| 1:8 |
B (MISCELLANEOUS) (1950s) |
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| 1:9 |
C (MISCELLANEOUS) (1951-53) |
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| 1:10 |
EASTMAN, MAX (1933-48): includes an exchange of letters between
Gitlow and Eastman concerning Leon Trotsky (1933) and a copy of Eastman's
review of I Confess (1939). |
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| 1:11 |
EMANUEL, VICTOR (1959) |
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| 1:12 |
HOOVER, HERBERT (1940-55): includes 6 brief responses from
Hoover to Gitlow [see also series 2, folders 14, 46]. |
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| 1:13 |
J (MISCELLANEOUS) (1951) |
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| 1:14-15 |
KOHLBERG, ALFRED (1941-62): consists primarily of material
about "Red" China; includes speech by and correspondence with
Alf Landon about Korea (1951) and items concerning alleged Communist infiltration
into the American Jewish Congress (folder 15). [See also folders 2 3] |
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| 1:16 |
(entry cancelled) |
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| 1:17 |
M (MISCELLANEOUS) (1950): contains small amount of material
about a mock communist coup staged in Mosinee, Wis., by the American Legion
(5-1-50). |
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| 1:18 |
MOHEGAN COLONY (1933-65) |
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| 1:19 |
PUBLISHERS (1939-40, 1955) |
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| 1:20 |
ROSENFIELD, BIG JOE (July August, 1950) |
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| 2:21 |
ROSENFIELD, BIG JOE (November December, 1950): fan letters
sent to New York City radio personality commenting on his broadcasts. Gitlow
appeared on his show (12-4-50). |
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| 2:22 |
S (MISCELLANEOUS) (1951-63) |
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| Series 1.3: PERSONAL CORRESPONDENCE (1910-1956)
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| Box:Folder |
Contents |
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| 2:2 |
BENJAMIN AND BADANA GITLOW (1925-56): includes Gitlow's letters
to his wife while he was in Moscow in 1929 prior to and just after being
expelled from the Party by Stalin. |
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| 2:3 |
BENJAMIN AND BEN GITLOW JR. (1946-51). |
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| 2:5 |
LOUISE BRYANT (1920-22): includes copy of letter from Bryant
in Moscow to Max Eastman describing John Reed's death and Gitlow's response
to her while in prison. |
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| 2:1 |
PARENTS AND FRIENDS (1910-32): contains letters between Gitlow
and his mother while he was in prison (1920-21). |
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| 2:4 |
TRIP TO EUROPE (1949): correspondence concerning Gitlow's
work collecting books and documents for the Hoover Institution and his search
for material for a new book. |
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| Series 2: THEATRE FOR
FREEDOM (1950-1951) |
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| This series contains correspondence, financial
records, scripts, publicity material, and all working papers for a group
Gitlow organized to recruit members of the entertainment industry to the
anti-Communist cause and to produce anti-Communist documentary dramas. Gitlow
was executive director, and John Wayne was president. (Wayne apparently
was a figure head only for the collection contains no material from him.)
Correspondents include Anne Baxter, Ralph Bellamy, Adolphe Menjou, George
Murphy, Eugene Lyons, Gloria Swanson, and Senator Karl Mundt (R-SD). The
group produced a radio broadcast, "The Right to Freedom," and
planned a stage play, "Raise the Iron Curtain," which was apparently
never produced. |
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| Box:Folder |
Contents |
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| 2:1 |
ANDOVER PRESS |
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| 2:2 |
AUDITOR'S REPORT |
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| 2:3 |
A (MISCELLANEOUS) |
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| 2:4 |
BAUMAN |
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| 2:5 |
BILLS--PAID |
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| 2:6 |
BILLS--UNPAID |
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| 2:7 |
BREWER, ROY M. |
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| 2:8 |
BULLETINS |
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| 2:9 |
B (MISCELLANEOUS) |
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| 2:1 |
CARNEGIE HALL |
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| 2:1 |
COCKTAIL PARTY |
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| 2:1 |
C (MISCELLANEOUS) |
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| 2:1 |
D (MISCELLANEOUS) |
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| 2:1 |
DECLINATIONS: includes 2 letters from Herbert Hoover and
1 letter from Dwight David Eisenhower declining election to the National
Advisory Board. |
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| 2:1 |
E (MISCELLANEOUS) |
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| 2:1 |
FORM LETTERS: includes information on close of operations.
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| 2:1 |
F-G (MISCELLANEOUS) |
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| 2:2 |
I-J (MISCELLANEOUS) |
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| 2:2 |
KAUFMAN & RICH |
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| 2:2 |
KROL, T. |
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| 2:2 |
K (MISCELLANEOUS) |
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| 2:2 |
LEGAL DOCUMENTS |
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| 2:2 |
LISTS |
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| 2:2 |
LYONS, EUGENE |
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| 2:2 |
L (MISCELLANEOUS) |
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| 2:2 |
MALAMUTH, CHARLES |
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| 2:3 |
MCGUINESS, CHARLES |
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| 2:3 |
MEMBERSHIP |
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| 2:3 |
MENJOU, ADOLPHE |
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| 2:3 |
MERRILL, HOWARD |
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| 2:3 |
MONTGOMERY, ROBERT |
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| 2:3 |
M (MISCELLANEOUS) |
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| 2:3 |
NATIONAL BOARD OF SPONSORS |
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| 2:3 |
NATIONAL BOARD OF SPONSORS (PENDING) |
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| 3:3 |
[entry cancelled] |
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| 3:3 |
N (MISCELLANEOUS) |
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| 3:4 |
OFFICE MATERIAL |
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| 3:4 |
O (MISCELLANEOUS) |
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| 3:4 |
PETROV, VLADIMIR |
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| 3:4 |
PETTY CASH |
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| 3:4 |
PUBLICITY |
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| 3:4 |
P (MISCELLANEOUS) |
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| 3:4 |
RAISE THE IRON CURTAIN: includes letter from Herbert Hoover,
script, and reaction to play. |
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| 3:4 |
RYSKIND, MORRIE |
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| 3:4 |
R (MISCELLANEOUS) |
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| 3:5 |
S-V (MISCELLANEOUS) |
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| 3:5 |
WAYNE, JOHN: includes Gitlow's letters to and about Wayne
but no material from him. |
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| 3:5 |
W-Z (Miscellaneous) |
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| Series 3: PUBLICATIONS
(1918-1965) |
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| This series contains some of the hundreds of
pamphlets, newsletters, and other ephemeral publications Gitlow received
throughout his life. Most of the material dates from the 1950s and 1960s
and is overwhelmingly anti-Communist in tone. A small amount of material
survives from Gitlow's years as a Communist, and some of the material from
the later period is leftist or Communist in origin. |
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| Because of the varying characteristics of the
publications, it has not been possible to arrange them in a single organizational
scheme. |
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| Box:Folder |
Contents |
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| 4:17 |
AMERICAN SECURITY COUNCIL (1962-66) |
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| 6 |
BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS (1918, 1940s 1950s): includes copy of
the New York State Assembly's legislative manual (The Red Book) with Gitlow's
biography and picture. The other materials are miscellaneous pamphlets.
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| 7 |
BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS (1960s) |
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| 3:1-2 |
CHINA (1948-65) |
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| 4:18 |
CHINESE NEWS SERVICE (1962-63) [see also folders 24-25] |
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| 4:19 |
CHRISTIAN ANTI-COMMUNIST CRUSADE (1962-65) |
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| 5:20 |
CHRISTIAN CRUSADE (1962-64) [see also folder 33] |
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| 8 |
CIRCUIT RIDERS: contains material (1955-65) from the Circuit
Riders, Inc. and the Twentieth Century Evangelism organization about alleged
communist sympathizers or fellow travellers among educators and clergymen;
also includes report (1963-64) from the Louisiana Joint Legislative Committee
on Un American Activities about the Southern Conference Educational Fund.
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| 3:3-4 |
CIVIL RIGHTS (1959-65) |
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| 4:15 |
CLIPPINGS (1941-63): includes some material about Gitlow.
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| 5:21-22 |
COUNCIL AGAINST COMMUNIST AGGRESSION (1954-65) |
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| 5:23 |
ECONOMIC NEWS (1961-63): published by American Institute
for Economic Research |
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| 5:24-25 |
FREE CHINA WEEKLY [see also folder 18] |
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| 3:5 |
GOLDWATER, BARRY--PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN (1964) |
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| 5:26 |
HUMAN EVENTS (1949, 1960-62) |
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| 3:6 |
JUDAISM (1939-62) |
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| 5:27 |
LEGISLATIVE NEWSLETTER (AMERICANS FOR DEMOCRATIC ACTION)
(1962-65) |
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| 3:8A-8B |
MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS (1919-40): includes clippings
about Gitlow's trial; flyers and pamphlets from communist, socialist, and
labor groups; and brochure from the 1924 LaFollette for President Committee.
Folder 8B includes bound copy of Revolutionary Age (1929-30), edited by
Gitlow. See series 1.1 for related material. Arranged chronologically. |
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| 4:9-14 |
MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS (1941-65) |
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| MC1.9:3 |
MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS--OVERSIZE MATERIAL (1920): issue
of The Irish Felon about Jim Larkin (September, 1920). |
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| 3:7 |
NAZISM (1930s) |
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| 5:28 |
NEW GUARD (YOUNG AMERICANS FOR FREEDOM) (1961-63) |
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| 5:29 |
NEW LEADER (1949-63) |
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| 5:30 |
NEWS AND VIEWS (1954-62) |
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| 4:17-35 |
NEWSLETTERS (1949-66): arranged alphabetically by name of
sponsoring group or publisher or by title. |
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| 4:16 |
NEWSPAPERS (1952-63) |
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| 5:31-32 |
PROBLEMS OF COMMUNISM (U.S. INFORMATION AGENCY) (1959-65)
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| 5:34-35 |
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE (1960s): includes material
on U.S. role in Vietnam. |
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| 5:33 |
WEEKLY CRUSADER (1962-63) [see also folder 20] |
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| Series 4: WRITINGS
(ca. 1917-ca. 1965) |
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| This series contains printed copies of pamphlets
and articles by Gitlow; manuscript and typescript drafts of his articles,
speeches, and a projected book; research notes; reviews; and other material
about his writings and lectures. A brief autobiography is in folder 14.
|
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| Box:Folder |
Contents |
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| 9:14 |
AUTOBIOGRAPHY |
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| 9:1 |
"THE EXPENDABLES" (n.d.): television play by Robert
Patrick Wilmot and George Baker. |
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| 9:2-4 |
I CONFESS (1939-53): includes correspondence and reviews
of Gitlow's first book. [See also series 1.1, folder 3.] |
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| 9:6 |
LECTURE OUTLINES (n.d.; anti-Communist period) |
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| 9:5 |
LECTURES (n.d.; anti-Communist period) |
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| 9:7 |
LECTURES AND EARLY WRITINGS (ca. 1917-ca. 1933) |
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| 9:8A-8B |
MISCELLANEOUS NOTES: includes outlines, drafts of speeches
or articles (n.d.) and notes on alleged Communists or Communist sympathizers.
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| 9:11 |
MISCELLANEOUS NOTES: possibly for a book. |
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| 9:10 |
PUBLICATIONS (1920-62): printed copies of pamphlets and articles
by Gitlow, including his address to the jury at his trial (1920); two pamphlets
from the 1930s, apparently written while secretary of the Communist Party
USA (Majority Group); and articles published by the right wing Christian
Crusade (1960s). |
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| 9:9A-9B |
TYPESCRIPTS OF ARTICLES (anti-Communist period) |
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| 9:12 |
"WHITHER REVOLUTION": notes for a possible book.
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| 9:13 |
THE WHOLE OF THEIR LIVES (1946-50, 1965): includes routine
correspondence with Maxwell Perkins, radio script, adaptation for projected
movie (1965), and copy of 1965 paperback edition published by The Americanist
Library. |
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| Series 5: MISCELLANEOUS
(1939) |
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| Box:Folder |
Contents |
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| 2:1 |
BUSINESS MATERIAL (1939) |
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| 2:2 |
SCRAPBOOK (n.d.): includes clippings, financial records,
and various writings. |
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| BENJAMIN GITLOW
PAPERS (Mss 108) |
| PHOTOGRAPHS--PRINTS (P) |
| BOX P11:5 |
| |
|
| Print Number(s) |
Description |
| |
|
| FOLDER P11:5 |
| |
|
| P108/1 |
Benjamin Gitlow singing [see letter from A. Scott Hamilton]
(1955) |
| P108/2 |
John Reed (1919) |
| P108/3 |
Benjamin Gitlow (front row, far right) with military officials
(1940s) |
| P108/4-6 |
United Council of Working Women (1920s) |
| P108/7 |
Benjamin Gitlow as an infant, New York, N.Y. (1892) |
| P108/8 |
Harry Winitsky [note on back: "Class War Prisoners in
NY state also Larkin and Mizker"] (n.d.) |
| P108/9 |
James Larkin (n.d.) |
| P108/10 |
Klara Zetkin (center) at a demonstration in Moscow (1919) |
| P108/11 |
Marie Kerney, actress for the Theatre For Freedom, New York,
N.Y. (1950) |
| P108/12 |
Franklin Pulaski (n.d.) |
| P108/13 |
Meta Muntz, New York, N.Y. (1915) |
| P108/14 |
George ? [note on back: "To my comrade Ben and his wifie
Badana"] (1926?) |
| P108/15 |
Unidentified woman [note on back: "I am sending you
my wife to keep her over the Holly days."] (n.d.) |
| P108/16a |
Unidentified group of people, USSR (1920s) |
| P108/16b-22 |
Unidentified people (n.d.) |
